This year has been fairly active for the Division, thanks in main to the efforts of a number of individuals in the Division. In June 94, Jennie Jackman (Canmet) moved onto the position of past-Chair and I took over as Chair. Tom Tiejde of the Physics Department, UBC, became the new Vice-Chair. Leo Lau (Materials Engineering, UWO) continued as the Secretary- Treasurer.
Correspondence with members of the Division has continued via the excellent Newsletter which has been put out twice-a- year by Leo. This has included news reports, conference reports, lab sketches. In the last issue Bill Hocking (AECL) described some of the surface science activities at the 77th CSC Conference in Winnipeg last May/June.
Work has been underway on the organization of the 15th 1995 Surface Canada Meeting which is to be held at Waterloo in May just prior to the CSC Conference in Guelph. The Conference Chair is Tong Leung. As part of the meeting a celebration of the 25th birthday of "Progress of Surface Science" is to be held. This has allowed Tong and his associates to bring together an impressive number of world-class surface scientists. At this meeting, the Division will hold its Divisional meeting and conduct an election for the Vice-Chair. Also, as usual, the Division will hold its Student competition for the Hobson award. In this case two parallel sessions will be held due to the numbers of contestants. There will also be two very large poster sessions and two Best-Poster awards will be granted. On behalf of the Division, I invite you cordially to come to this exciting event.
We failed in organizing a session for CAP 95 due, primarily, to a late start. In this regards, Tom Jackman has been approached and is willing to organize a session for CAP 96. A programme organizer has been found to organize a symposium for the CSC 96 Conference at Memorial, Newfoundland. We thank Keith Griffiths (Chemistry, UWO) for taking on this role.
The Division has finally taken its first tentative steps onto the information highway. Two servers are now available thanks to the efforts of Dan Thomas (Chemistry, Guelph) and to Roy Paynter (INRS-Energie, Quebec). To get onto the Guelph facility one simply sends an e-mail to listserv@uoguelph.ca and in the message line one puts - subscribe surfsci "your-name". One can also get information from Dan (thomas@chembio.uoguelph.ca). The other service has put us onto the WWW (World-Wide-Web). More information can be obtained from Roy (paynter@inrs-ener.uquebec.ca). The establishment of this has already lead to a heated discussion on our Mission statement via the 'net.
So once again, thanks to one and all. See you in Waterloo.
Rana.
This symposium focussed on the important role of advanced surface science methods in addressing key industrial problems. The tremendous scope of applications was illustrated by the diverse topics of the four invited speakers. Ian Aitchison (AECL Research, CRL) presented the results from elegant SAM studies that have revealed how Cl and C segregation can adversely affect the fracture toughness of Zr-2.5Nb alloy - which is a controlling factor int he service lifetime of CANDU pressure tubes, with enormous cost implications. Tim Walzak (Surface Science Western) described the use of surface analytical techniques to characterize the effects of process parameters on the surface chemistry of Au and Al wire-bond pads and its relationship to failure rates. Michael Hair (Xerox Research Canada) summarized progress toward understanding silanization processes for silica and silicates int he context of the development of supports for chromatographic, hydrophobic and biological applications. Finally, Jennifer Jackman (CANMET) reviewed industrial needs for, and federal government research expertise on, coatings for wear and corrosion resistance in Canada. A full session was then provided by then contributed papers int he following areas: nuclear (3), mining (2), catalysis (1), corrosion/wear (2), microelectronics (1) and cements (1).
The inspiration for this session came from the post-conference workshop on Materials Chemistry at Edmonton in 1992. John Greedan (McMaster University) presented an invited paper on substrate materials for high-temperature superconductors; he described the search for materials with an appropriate combination of lattice parameter, thermal expansion coefficient, and electromagnetic properties, and in so doing, covered a variety of ternary oxides oft he rare earths. The second invited speaker, Larry Thomas (Pacific Northwest Laboratories), described his detailed characterization of spent uranium dioxide nuclear fuel and its oxidation behaviour, with emphasis on the microstructural and crystallographic features revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Six contributed papers rounded out the session, and broadened our coverage with a variety of oxides (and fluorides, which were welcomed as honorary oxides) of transition metals, main-group elements and actinides. Oxides of interest to the nuclear industry were somewhat more prominent than the organizers had originally hoped, but a lot of oxide chemistry was included in other sessions, especially those on neutron scattering and solid-sate NMR spectroscopy. We hope this combination might represent a nucleus for a materials chemistry session in St. Johns in 1996.
(Reported by Bill Hocking, tel: 204-753-2311 and fax: 204-753-2455)
The goal of ultrathin film magnetism research is to systematically identify and understand how magnetic properties depend on film structure and quality. The success of this field has been based on the ability to create new structures in which the interfaces play a crucial role. In-plane lattice matching of the epitaxial layer to the substrate template allows one, for the correct growth conditions, to create atomic structures having very sharp interfaces. The magnetic properties of interface atoms are often very different from those in the bulk. First principles calculations indicate that the bulk properties are already acquired by atoms only one atomic layer away from the interface. In ultrathin structures the exchange interaction between electrons maintains the same orientation of atomic moments across the film. Ultrathin films behave like giant magnetic molecules which are characterized by novel magnetic properties: these novel magnetic properties depend upon the presence of a large fraction of interface atoms. Consequently the interface magnetic anisotropies divided by the film thickness appear in effective bulk-like anisotropies. The ability to admix the interface and bulk magnetic properties in a continuously variable ratio allows one to engineer new magnetic materials. Metallic magnetic epitaxial films have been grown on both semiconductor and metallic substrates. A strong attractive potential between the substrate atoms and the deposited atoms can stabilize structures which do not exist in nature. Such artificially occurring metastable structures often exhibit unique magnetic properties and provide an opportunity to perform stringent tests of computations of magnetic and structural properties. The substrates and templates of superlattices can also play a unique role for those cases in which the in-plane lattice meshes do not match. In metallic ultrathin magnetic films the energies associated with a change in magnetic structure are often comparable tot he energy associated with changes in crystalline structure. This leads to a variety of magnetic properties that can be modified by the growth conditions.
It should be pointed out that all these advances and future progress in atomic engineering would not be possible without Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) techniques which produce controlled atomic beams in ultrahigh vacuum and without using state of the art surface science tools. The MBE grown magnetic metallic structures represent a truly multidisciplinary field. Scientists from various specialized fields, such a magnetism, material science, surface physics and chemistry have joined their efforts and that has resulted in very impressive accomplishments. Together they have built a solid foundation for the fabrication of new magnetic materials based on ultrathin structures and superlattices.
The research on 3d transition element thin films structures is presently carried out by the Director together with his graduate students M. Kowalewski and D. Altlan. Technical help has been provided by K. Myrtle. The Director also collaborated with Dr. J.F. Cochran (Brillouin light scattering studies, micromagnetic calculations), with Dr. A.S. Arrott (RHEED studies, micromagnetic calculations), and with Dr. D. Crozier (glancing incidence EXAFS).
We realized very early that in ultrathin films the magnetic moments across the film thickness are essentially parallel, and that the ultrathin film acts like a giant magnetic molecule. We have extensively used this fact throughout all our MBE studies. Both stable {bcc Fe(001), fcc Ag(001), fcc Au(001), fcc Cu(001)} and metastable {bcc Ni(001), bcc Cu(001), lattice expanded Pd(001) and fcc Co(001)} crystalline structures have been employed in our studies. The properties of magnetic materials are characterized by the magnitude of the magnetic moments and by various terms of magnetic anisotropies. The magnetic anisotropies describe the dependence of the magnetic free energy density on the orientation of the magnetic moment with respect to the crystallographic axes. The magnetic anisotropy energies have to satisfy the symmetry of the lattice structure. The 3d valence electron states confined to the interfaces possesses very different magnetic properties than those that are fully itinerant. We have shown that the broken symmetry at the Fe(001) film interfaces (grown on Ag(001) substrate) causes giant uniaxial anisotropies with the easy axis oriented perpendicular to the film surface. We have investigated the surface uniaxial anisotropies at the Fe/vacuum, Fe/Ag, Fe/Cu, Fe/Au, and Fe/Pd(001) interfaces. The strongest surface uniaxial anisotropy was found for the Fe/vacuum interface (Ks=1.0ergs/cm2) followed by Fe/Ag, Fe/Cu, Fe/Au and Fe/Pd. Recent accurate ab initio relativistic electron band calculations of surface anisotropies are in agreement with our measurements. The valence 3d and 4s/p electron states confined to the interfaces are exposed to a decreased lattice symmetry that strongly enhances the contribution of the spin-orbit interaction to the interface valence band energies, and that results in large interface magnetic anisotropies with effective fields of about 100 kOe.
In contrast with the bcc Fe ultrathin films, metastable fcc Co(001) structures exhibit uniaxial anisotropies in which the film normal is the hard magnetic axis (the magnetization likes to lie parallel to the film surface). The thickness dependence of the uniaxial anisotropy can be explained by an interface anisotropy (Ks=-0.5ergs/cm2), and by a bulk term (independent of thickness, Ku=-107ergs/cm3). The presence of a large bulk uniaxial term on fcc Co(001) is caused by the lattice mismatch between the metastable fcc Co(001) and the fcc Cu(001) template. The fcc Co(001) lattice has an appreciable vertical distortion (about 3%), and that combined with the large nagnetostriction of Co results in the observed strong bulk uniaxial anisotropy.
We have been able to grow epitaxial Ni layers on Fe(001) templates. The atomic size of Ni is very close to that of Fe, consequently the Ni atoms follow the lattice of Fe for the first 3-4 monolayers (ML). For films thicker than 4ML the metastable bcc Ni(001) transforms gradually to a more complicated lattice structure. It is the lattice transformed "bcc Ni(001)" which shows remarkable magnetic properties. The 4-fold in-plane anisotropies (repeats every 90 degrees) in lattice transformed Fe/Ni bilayers far exceed those observed in regular 3d transition metals and their alloys. We showed that these anisotropies are caused by 4-fold crystallographic defects (decreased symmetry) created during the lattice transformation. One can engineer in that way new types of magnetic materials having variable in-plane anisotropies (0-3.0 kOe) and coercive fields (0.1-400 Oe). One can also prepare {Fe/non-magnetic spacer/Fe/Ni} multilayer structures with controllable switching fields; this feature is attractive for the development of magnetic sensors based on giant magnetoresistance.
After having understood the basic magnetic properties of individual ultrathin films (giant magnetic molecules), further studies have been directed towards multilayer samples in which at least two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a non- ferromagnetic spacer. Single ultrathin films form building blocks from which new classes of materials can be engineered. E.g., by using 100-200 {Co/Pt(1110} multilayers a new generation of magneto-optical media with high sensitivity in the blue-wavelength region have been engineered by the Philips and Du-Pont groups. Magnetic multilayer structures in which ultrathin ferromagnetic layers are separated by non-magnetic spacers have brought new and exciting physics into the study of ultrathin structures. The magnetic layers interact with each other and that interaction is usually referred to as inter-layer exchange coupling. Our group has played a leading role in these studies. The exchange coupling very strongly depends on the quality of the interfaces. For this reason we have limited our studies mostly to trilayer systems in which only two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a non-ferromagnetic spacer. The ability to control the interface quality has allowed us to identify the main physical mechanisms contributing to the exchange interaction in ultrathin structures. A number of systems have been investigated: Fe/Cu/Fe, Fe/Pd/Fe, Fe/Au/Fe, Fe/Ag/Fe, and Co/Cu/Co. The understanding of the exchange coupling through metals which possess simple valence bands is crucial. The investigation of electronic interactions over a wide range of thicknesses provides valuable information which tests the theoretical understanding of electron-electron correlations. Various theories have been suggested and are strongly affected by the electron confinement in the non-magnetic interlayers. The main exchange coupling energy term is given by Jcos(p), where J is the magnitude of the exchange coupling and p is the angle between the magnetic moments of the adjacent ferromagnetic layers. The magnitude J is dependent on the interface thickness. Theoretical calculations predict that J in Cu, Ag, and Au(001) should oscillate with a periodicity of about 2Ml. Consequently the magnetic moments of the Fe layers should change their orientation from parallel to antiparallel every other atomic layer. This result is very rarely observed. The reason is that the interfaces are not perfect and the short wave-length oscillations in J are usually averaged out. We have investigated the dependence of the exchange coupling as a function of interface roughness. We have found that the interface roughness leads to an angular dependence of the exchange coupling, that is J=J1+J2cos(p). The presence of the J2 has a profound effect on the ground state of multilayer films. For J2ppJ1p, the magnetic moments of the adjacent ferromagnetic layers are mutually perpendicular in zero applied magnetic field. The J2 term is usually called biquadratic exchange coupling. We were able to control the magnitude of J2 by preparing Fe/Cu/Fe(001) trilayers with variable interface atomic terrace widths. Our measurements can be explained using a model recently proposed by Slonczewski. In this model a rapidly changing sign of J1 along a rough interface leads to angular frustrations for the magnetic moments and results in biquadratic exchange coupling. Slonczewski's model allowed us to deconvolute the measured thickness dependence of J1 (dCu) and J2 (dCu) and to obtain the intrinsic behavior of the exchange coupling. We showed that the exchange coupling unobscured by the interface roughness exhibits a strong short wavelength oscillatory behavior in agreement with recent first principles band calculations.
Our laboratory pioneered the use of Fe whiskers (prepared by chemical vapor transport) as ideal substrates for MBE growth of metallic structures. Fe whisker substrates allow one to grow superior interfaces (several microns wide) even for very thick interlayers. The results obtained by the NIST group (using our Fe(001) whiskers) provided a beautiful demonstration of the short wavelength and long wavelength periodicities involved in the exchange coupling through the Cr(001) spin-density wave. The scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis technique used in their studies allowed them to investigate only qualitative aspects of the coupling. Our Brillouin light scattering (BLS) measurements (with Dr. Cochran's group) has been used to quantitatively measure the exchange coupling for a wise range of Cr(001) interlayers. We found that the biquadratic exchange coupling is present even in samples which are grown in a perfect layer by layer mode. We found that the biquadratic exchange coupling J2 is proportional to the bilinear exchange coupling strength J1 and consequently exhibits also a 2ML oscillatory behavior.
The recent studies of Fe/Pd/Fe(001) trilayers represent well the importance of structural characterization in the studies of ultrathin magnetic films. Ferromagnetism in metals exists only in 3d transition elements. Fe, Co and Ni belong to the group of the most important technological materials. It has been an ongoing challenge to find appropriate conditions which would allow one to create long range ferromagnetic order in the other transition group of elements. Metallic Pd (4d) has been always considered as the most attractive candidate. Its 4d valence band is very similar to that of the 3d Ni. The Pd Fermi level is close to the maximum of the electron density of states, and it very nearly satisfies the Stoner condition for the ferromagnetic transition. Theoretical calculations have shown that a small lattice expansion of the fcc Pd lattice moves the Fermi level to the maximum of the Pd electron density of states and establishes long range ferromagnetic order. The MBE technique allows one to investigate such a possibility. The Fe(001) template is 4.5% expanded compared to that of fcc Pd(001). The Pd(001) layer in Fe/Pd/Fe(001) trilayers is sandwiched between the Fe (001) layers and since Fe is ferromagnetic the tendency of Pd to ferromagnetism should be further enhanced. The RHEED studies showed that Pd(001) layers (for less than 11 ML of Pd) grow in a layer by layer mode with the lattice horizontal spacing matching that of Fe(001). Thus the experimental conditions were favorable for the onset of ferromagnetism in Pd. The magnetic state of Pd(001) layers was investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and BLS. We found that the Pd atoms exhibit long range ferromagnetic order only in very thin layers (less than 4ML of Pd). One additional atomic layer of Pd resulted in the total loss of ferromagnetism. A 5ML thick Pd layer became paramagnetic with its magnetic moment inversely proportional to temperature. Pd interlayers thicker than 4ML behaved as any other simple metal for which the magnetic correlation effects are unimportant.
This MBE machine is a very comprehensive UHV system used to create new structures and carry out a number of structural investigations. The following are the main components: high angular resolution UHV goniometer (2o) with a sample holder operating from 100K to 1200K; Precision Energy Analyzer (SCA, PHI-10-360); electron spherical capacitor analyzer with OMNI focus II small area lens; UPS high intensity ultraviolet photon source (VG); real time Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED, PHI-06-190) system; K-space Associates image acquisition system; rear view Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED, VG Microtech); numerous Knudsen evaporation sources including 57Fe and 56Fe sources; Ar+ ion beam sputtering system (PHI-04-303); 5keV electron beam gun (PHI-04-015A); X-ray gun with Al and Mg anodes (PHI-04-548). In this system, epitaxial structures can be deposited with the growth of individual atomic layers monitored in real time, and with the films being characterized by a number of structural techniques at various stages of their preparation.
(b) MBE Machine II:
This instrument includes the following equipment: an RHEED unit; a UHV Scanning Tunnelling Microscope; two electron beam sources; an argon ion beam sputtering unit; and an Auger cylindrical mirror analyzer. This MBE system is fully dedicated for the investigation of the structural information of atomic metallic layers on metallic and semiconducting substrates.
(c) Magnetic Techniques:
(i) RF techniques: The lab is equipped with several microwave spectrometers operating at 10, 24, 36 and 73 GHz. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field at various microwave frequencies determines all of the important static magnetic parameters such as in-plane and out-of-plane uniaxial and 4-fold surface and bulk magnetic anisotropies, exchange coupling between layers, and magnetic moments and spectroscopic splitting factors. The linear part of the FMR linewidth as a function of microwave frequency determines the intrinsic damping. The frequency independent part of the FMR linewidth reflects the presence of magnetic inhomogeneities due to lattice defects and can be used a structural tool.
(ii) Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE): The interpretation of magnetization loops (measured by MOKE) and model calculations allow one to investigate the magnetic interactions in non-collinear configurations. E.g., our MOKE measurements revealed the presence of an angularly dependent exchange interaction between ferromagnetic layers (biquadratic exchange) in Fe/Cu/Fe and Co/Cu/Co structures.
(iii) Mossbauer analyses: RF and MOKE techniques probe the whole sample, whereas Mossbauer analyses (in collaboration with Dr. P. Schurer, RRMC, Victoria) provide information for distinguishing between individual atomic layers.
(iv) Polarized Neutron Reflection (PNR) analyses: The PNR technique (in collaboration with Dr. J.A.C. Bland, Cambridge, UK) is extremely useful in determining the absolute values of magnetic moments in ultrathin magnetic structures.
2. This is from Tong Leung, the Conference Chair: "We will break the record in every category compared to previous Surface Canada Conferences".
3. A program outline has already been sent to you in the last newsletter. A summary of the entire program is enclosed in this newsletter. From all these data, clearly you cannot afford not to come to this exciting event!
The 78th CSC Conference and Exhibition will be held in Guelph, Ontario from May 28 to June 1, 1995 (the week after Surface Canada in Waterloo). Below are listed just 3 of the 56 separate symposia which make up the conference. These three will have special interest for the members of the Surface Science Division are hence are included here. They are:
PH4 Electrode Processes and Their Applications
PH1 Chemical Applications of Synchrotron Radiation
IN2 New Materials from Inorganics
The session PH4 is being sponsored with the collaboration of the Surface Science Division. For those interested in the rest of the program, it is available in the May issue of Canadian Chemical News. For any up to the minute changes, please visit our Web site at http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca and follow the links to the conference pages.
08:20 Zeolite-Modified Electrodes: The First Decade., Baker, Mark D.
09:00 Electrochemical Activity of Anionic Clay Modified Electrodes, Qiu, Jiabin; Villemure, Gilles
09:20 Electron Transfer Mechanism of Transition Metal Ion Exchanged Zeolite-Modified Electrodes, Senaratne, Chandana; Baker, Mark D.
09:40 Ion Exchange Characteristics of Small and Large Channel Silver Ions in X and Y Zeolite- Modified Electrodes, McBrien, Mike; Baker, Mark; Zhang, Jiwu
10:00 Coffee Break
10:20 Impedance Studies of Polypyrrole/Polystyrene Sulphonate Composites., Pickup, Peter G.; Ren, Xiaoming
11:00 Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Conducting Polymers., Belanger, Daniel; Davey, John; Uribe, Francisco; Gottesfeld, Shimshon
11:20 Electrochemical Modification of Randomly Oriented Graphite Electrodes., Saby, Coralie; Regisser, Fabrice; Lavoie, Marc-Andre; Champagne, Gilles Y.; B‚langer, Daniel
11:40 Kinetics of Nitrate Reduction at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with [Mo2Fe6S8(SPh)9]3-., Girard, Francois; Belanger, Daniel
13:30 Anodic Dissolution of Ceramic UO2 Pellets, Sunder, Sham; Shoesmith, David W. ; Strandlund, Leslie
14:10 The Formation and Properties of Cu2O Layers on Copper Electrodes in Aqueous Chloride Solutions, King, Fraser; Tang, Ying
14:30 A Mixed-Potential Model for Copper Corrosion in Oxygen- Containing Chloride Solutions, King, Fraser; Litke, Cindy D.; Quinn, Michael J.
14:50 Predicting Localized Corrosion Rates using Electrochemical Methods, Shoesmith, David W.; Ikeda, Brian M.; Quinn, Michael J.
15:10 Coffee Break
15:30 Electrochemical Noise Signals in Titanium Crevice Corrosion, Noel, James J.; Shoesmith, David W.
15:50 Temperature Dependence of Lifetimes of Photo-excited Carriers in Shallow Traps in Semiconductor Films, Grabtchak, Serguei; Cocivera, Michael
16:30 Electrodeposition and Characterization of Magnetic Ni-Fe Thin Films on InP(100) Surfaces, Gao, Lijun; Anderson, Geoff, W.; Norton, Peter R.; Lu, Zhenghong; McCaffery, John; Graham, Mike J.
16:50 Coadsorption of Copper Adatoms and Anions at The Au(111)/Solution Interface, Shi, Z.; Lipkowski, J.
08:20 General Model of Hydrogen Adsorption and Absorption into Metals, Lasia, Andrzej; Gregoire, Dany
09:00 Poisoning Effects on the HER at a Pt Electrode in Acidic Media., Barber, J.; Conway, B.E.
09:20 Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution on Semiconductor Polymer Electrodes., El-Rashiedy, Ola; Holdcroft, Steven
09:40 Electrochemistry of HCl in Ambient Temperature Chloroaluminate Melts., Johnson, Keith E.; Campbell, John L.E.
10:00 Coffee Break
10:20 Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution on CuxCo3-xO4/LaPO4-bonded Ni Electrode., Marsan, Benoit; Fatih, Khalid
10:40 Ferrous-Ferric Redox Kinetics at Platinum Electrodes: Sulphate, Perchlorate and Chloride Solutions, Smith, Frank R.; Mao, Hyanyu; Power, Victoria; Su, Chung-Sin; Wadden, T. Terrence
11:00 FT-Raman and FT-IR Spectroscopy of Electrodes Modified with Layered Double Hydroxides: Electron Transport Mechanism Pertaining to Redox of Intercalated Ferro- and Ferricyanide., Baker, Mark D.; Gu, Yue-Qiang
11:20 An Electrochemical Study of the Interfacial and Conformational Behaviour of Cytochrome c and other Heme Proteins, Hanrahan, Kora-Lee; Roscoe, Sharon G.
11:40 Electrochemical Oxidation Reactions of Tyrosine, Tryptophan and Related Dipeptides, MacDonald, Stephanie M.; Roscoe, Sharon G.
13:30 Two-Dimensional Ordered Molecular Assemblies at the Electrochemical Interface., Buess-Herman, Claudine; Scharfe, Marc; Rkaina, Mohamed; Bare, Sandra
14:10 On the Formation and Dissolution of Anodic Layers at the Mercury/Electrolyte Interface., Retter, U.; Kant, W.; Philipp, R.
14:50 Electrochemical Growth and Properties of Oxide Films at Amorphous Alloys, Birss, Viola I.
15:30 Coffee Break
15:50 The Use of High Frequency AC Voltammetry in Measurements of Electrosorption Kinetics., Baranski, A.S.; Moyana, A.
16:30 Studies of the Kinetics of the Underpotential Deposition of H on Different Pt Monocrystal Faces using ac Impedance Spectroscopy, Morin, S.; Dumont, H.; Conway, B.E.
16:50 Electrochemical and Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Nickel (Ni2+) Electrodeposition, Szymanski, Grzegorz; Campbell, Brad J.; Lipkowski, Jacek
08:20 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Electrochemical Systems, Guay, Daniel
09:00 Applications of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) to the Study of Electrochemical Systems of Relevance to Electrocatalysis and Solid State Electrochemistry, Scherson, Daniel A.
09:40 Anion and Electrode Surface Structure Effects on the Underpotential Deposition of Copper on Platinum: Electrochemical and in-situ X-ray Studies, Bommarito, G.M.; Yee, H.S.; Buller, L.J.; Gomez, R; Feliu, J.M.; Abruna, H.D.
10:20 Coffee Break 10:40 Polarization Dependent CuK XAFS of Co-adsorption of Cu and Cl on Au(111) Electrode Surface, Tyliszczak, Tolek; Hitchcock, Adam P.; Wu, S.; Lipkowski, Jacek
11:20 Applications of Surface X-ray Scattering to Electrified Interfaces: Structure of Adsorbed Layers and Interfacial Distribution of Water Molecules, Toney, Michael F.
12:00 In situ X-ray Scattering Studies of Au(111) Surface Reconstruction with Adsorption of Small Organic Molecules, Wu, Shijie; Lipkowski, Jacek; Wendlowski, T.; Magnussen, O. M.; Ocko, B. M.
13:30 SHG studies of adsorption on Au(111) and Au(110) electrodes., Mirwald, Stefan; Pettinger, Bruno; Lipkowski, Jacek
14:10 Nonlinear Susceptibility of Au(110) Electrode Surfaces Measured By Second Harmonic Generation., Morin, Mario; Revesz, Erika; Keefe, C. Dale
14:30 A SERS study of Electrochemically Reduced CO2, Smith, Brian D.; Irish, Donald E.
14:50 SERS Studies of Pyrazine Adsorbed on Silver Electrodes., Brolo, Alexandre G.; Irish, Donald E.
15:10 Coffee Break
15:20 In situ FTIR Spectroscopy at Electrode Surfaces: Analytical Considerations, Faguy, Peter F.; Marinkovic, Nebojosa; Richmond, William N.
16:00 Imaging of Electrochemical Pattern Formations at Silver Film-Electrodes using Surface Plasmon Polariton Microscopy, Flatgen, Georg; Krischer, Katharina; Pettinger, Bruno; Doblhofer, Karl; Ertl, Gerhard
16:20 Determination of the Rh-HUPD Bond Energy., Jerkiewicz, Gregory; Zolfaghari, Alireza
08:20 Surface Structure Dependence of Reactive Chemisorption of Acetonitrile on Single- Crystal Pt Surfaces., Morin, S.; Conway, B.E.
09:00 A Surface Scientists View of Water-Metal Interactions: Clusters, Monolayers and Bilayers., Griffiths, Keith
09:40 Work Function Changes on Adsorption: Models for Water and Halogens., Harrington, David A.; Schaub, Sandra L.; Furman, Scott, A.
10:20 Coffee Break
10:40 (Bi)Sulfate Adsorption on Selected Planes of Gold, Platinum and Rhodium Single Crystal Electrodes. The Effect of Metal Underpotential Deposition, Sung, Yung-E.; Thomas, Sajan; Wieckowski, Andrzej
11:20 An in-situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of Copper Underpotential Deposition on Au(111), Richer, Jocelyn F.; Ashley, Kevin; Borges, Gary L.; Gordon II, Joseph G.; Kanazawa, Keiji K.
12:00 Chronocoulometric Investigations of (Bi)sulphate Adsorption on Pt(111) Electrode, Savich, Walter; Lipkowski, Jacek
12:20 Vibrational Spectroscopy of 'Model' Electrode Surfaces, Ellis, Thomas
09:00 Chemical Analysis of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces at the ALS, Himpsel, Franz J.; Sutherland, Douglas; Carlisle, John A.; Shirley, Eric L.; Hudson, Eric A.; Terminello, Louis J.; Jia, J. J.; Callcott, Thomas A.; Perera, Rupert C.C.; Shuh, David K.; Ederer, David E.
09:40 Characterization of Polymeric Systems with NEXAFS and X-ray Linear Dichroism Microscopy, Ade, Harald W.
10:20 Coffee Break
10:40 Watching Solids Grow by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Andrews, Mark P.; DenAuwer, Christophe; Dexpert, Herv‚; Briois, Valerie; Cartier-dit-Moulin, Christophe
11:00 Structure of Polymer Films Formed at the Air/Water Interface., Lennox, R.B.
13:30 Industrial Applications of Synchrotron Light, Dahlbacka, Glen H.
14:10 Characterization of Surfaces and Interfaces for the Semiconductor Industry, Lu, Z.H.
14:50 Time Resolved X-ray Diffraction using Third Generation Synchrotrons, Sutton, M.
15:30 Coffee Break
15:50 High Resolution Experiments utilizing SRC's Variable Line Space Grating Monochromator HERMON, Bissen, M.; Hoechst, H.
16:30 Ups and Downs in XAFS and Related Phenomena: Some Observations, Sham T.K.
09:00 Progress Toward a Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Source, Bancroft, George M.
09:40 First Principles Studies of the Structure and Dynamics of Inorganic Materials, Tse, J.S.; Klug, D.D.
10:20 Coffee Break
10:40 Synchrotron Radiation and Protein Crystallography., Strynadka, Natalie; Fraser, Marie; James, Michael
11:20 Determination of the Structures of the Cadmium, Mercury, and Zinc Thiolate Clusters in Rabbit Liver Metallothionein by EXAFS Spectroscopy, Stillman, M.J.; Jiang, D.T.; Sham, T.K.
11:40 Sulfur K-edge EXAFS Studies of Cd-, Zn-, Cu-, and Ag-Rabbit Liver Metallothioneins, Gui, Ziqi; Kasrai, Masoud; Bancroft, G. Michael; Stillman, Martin J.
13:30 High Resolution Spectroscopy in the Vacuum Ultraviolet Using Fourth Generation Light Sources, Hepburn, John W.
14:10 Controlling Photoionized Electrons in Molecules with Lasers., Bandrauk, A.D.; Zuo, T.
14:30 Inner-shell Excitation and Ionic Fragmentation of Molecules, Hitchcock, Adam P.; Bozek, John D.; Ruhl, Eckart 15:10 Si K-edge EXAFS studies of Ge(SiMe3)4, Xiong, J.Z.; Jiang, D.T.; Baines, K.M.; Sham, T.K.; Feng, X.H.
15:30 Coffee Break
15:50 Photoionization and Photodissociation Studies of Clusters and Radicals, Ng, C-Y
16:30 Core Level Photoabsorption Spectra of Bromine Molecules Showing Combined Ligand Field and Spin Orbit Splitting, Johnson, J.R.A.; Bancroft, G.M.; Tan, K.H.
16:50 Variable Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Ni(h5-C5H5)NO and M(h-C5H5)(h3- C3H5) (M=Ni and Pd): Molecular Orbital Assignments and Xa-SW Calculations, Li, Xiaorong; Tse, John S.; Bancroft, George Michael; Puddephatt, Richard J.; Hu, Yongfeng
08:40 Growth of Molecular Sieve Films on Organo-Phosphonate Films, Bein, Thomas; Feng, Sue
09:20 Materials Chemistry on Three Length Scales: Learning From Nature., Ozin, Geoffrey A.
10:00 Autoscopic Optical Chemical Benches by Self-Assembly, Andrews, Mark P.; Xu, Wenbo; Kanigan, Tanya
10:20 Coffee Break
10:40 Chemistry in 2 Dimensions: Synthetic, Photochemical, and Catalytic Properties of Layered Metal Viologen-Phosphonates., Thompson, Mark E.; Snover, Jonathan; Reis, Ken; Byrd, Houston; Suponeva, Elena; Tang, Sheridan
11:20 A Novel, General and Convenient Route to Ultrathin Film Technologies: Molecular Self- assembly of Linear Long Chain Alkynes with Extended p-Conjugation, Yam, Chi Ming; Kakkar, Ashok K.
11:40 Rectifying Junctions in Peripherally Substituted Metallophthalocyanine Bilayer Films, Pietro, William J.; Anderson, Teresa L.; Komplin, Glenn C.
13:20 Nanotech Lego Design From Cellular Automata Dynamics, Rietman, E.A.
14:00 Molecular Fragments of Inorganic Solids, Steigerwald, Michael L.
14:40 MOCVD of Group 13 Selenides and Tellurides, Barron, A.R.; Stoll, S.; Gillan, E.
15:00 Coffee Break
15:20 Surface Functionalization of 20 Angstrom Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots, Noglik, Horst; Pietro, William J.
15:40 Optically Induced Phase Transitions in Thermochromic Coordination Compounds of Nickel(II), Reber, Christian; Desmangles, Nathalie; Le Guilly, Loic
16:00 Neutral p-Radical Charge Transfer Salts; the Beat of a Different Drum, George, Noel A.; MacKinnon, Craig D.; Oakley, Richard T.; Vajda, Kristin E.; Cordes, A. Wallace; Haddon, Robert C.
16:20 Lanthanide Oxide Powders From Low-Temperature Precursors., Apblett, A.W.; Georgieva, G.D.
08:40 Polymer Matrix Composites, Giannelis, Emmanuel P.
09:20 Ionic and Electronic Transport in Novel Transition Metal Oxide/Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites, Nazar, Linda F.; Koene, Bryan E.; Kerr , Tracy.; Duncan, Morven J.; Wu, Huikang
10:00 Coffee Break
10:20 Magnetic Organic-Inorganic Composites - A Biometic Perspective., Winnik, F.M.; Morneau, A.
11:00 Innovative Approaches to Ferrites., Apblett, A.W.; Georgieva, G.D.; Cubano, L.; Walker, E.H.
11:20 Synthesis of Ferrites in Water-Swollen Cellulose Matrices., Raymond, Louise; Revol, Jean- Francois; Marchessault, Robert H.
12:00 Metal Pyrazine-2,3-Dicarboxylates with Extended Chain Structures: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetism., Mao, L.; Rettig, S.J.; Thompson, R.C.; Trotter, J.; Wan, S.; Xia, S.
13:20 Metastable Nanocrystalline Materials from Mechanical Deformations, Schulz, Robert
14:00 Effect of Mechanical Energy on the Structures, Textures and Phase Transitions in PbSnF4 Superionic Conductor., Denes, Georges; Cotel, Jean-Rene; Madamba, M. Cecilia
14:20 129Xe NMR Studies of Lattice and Extralattice Gallium in H-Ga-MFI Zeolites, Bradley, Susan M.; Howe, Russell F.
14:40 Distribution of Cesium in Synroc. A Cesium-133 Magic Angle Spinning NMR Study., Hartman, J.S.; Narayanan, A.; Vance, E.R.
15:00 Coffee Break
15:20 New Layered Oxides of Vanadium and Chromium. Low Dimensional and Frustrated Magnetism, Liu, Guo; Greedan, J.E.
15:40 A Solution Precursor System for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 Superconductors., Wang, Suning; Breeze, Steven R.
16:00 Stabilization of the Unhybridized Sn2+ Stannous Ion in the BaClF Structure., Denes, Georges; Muntasar, Abdualhafeed; Le Roux, David
16:20 Transition Metal-Based Ceramics Derived via Pyrolysis of Ferrocene Containing Polymers, Peterson, Ruth; Nelson, James M.; Lough, Alan; Coombs, Neil; Sodhi, Rana; Manners, Ian; Greedon, John
16:40 Peculiarities of the Synthesis of the Heterosubstituted Rare-Earth Element Titanates with Perovskite Structure and their Properties., Belous, Anatoly G.
08:40 Chemical Vapor Deposition and Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tantalum Nitrides and Carbonitrides for Integrated Circuits., Gross, M.E.; Charatan, R.M.
09:20 Routes to Metal Nitrides from Molecular Precursors Containing Gallium and Indium., Barry, Sean T.; Richeson, Darrin S.
09:40 Thin-Film Copper Indium Diselenide prepared by Selenization of Copper Indium Oxide formed by Spray Pyrolysis, Beck, Markus E.; Cocivera, Michael
10:00 Coffee Break
10:20 Photoresist Free Lithography of Copper with Coordination Compounds., Hill, Ross H.; Avey, Alfred A.
10:40 Electrochemical and Electronic Transport Properties of Heteroepitaxially Electrodeposited CdS/MPc Molecular Diodes, Segal, Jeff; Pietro, William J.
11:00 Effect of Metal Substitution on the Luminescence Properties of trans-[MO2(en)2]n+ Compounds (M: Re(V), Os(VI))., Savoie, Carole; Reber, Christian
11:20 Conductive ZnO Thin Films, DeMerchant, J.A.; Cocivera, M. 11:40 Band Tuning of Metallophthalocyanine Molecular Metals and Semiconductors. Rational Design MPc based Molecular Electronic Devices, Fielder, Scott. S.; Lever, A.B.P.; Pietro, William J.
12:00 New, Novel Photoinitiator for the Anionic Polymerization of an Acrylate Monomer, Palmer, Ben; Kutal, Charles
ps1. Please don't forget to send
me your updated information
(address, phone, fax, email, and
research interests). Please do it
now.
ps.2. Bret Heinrich has kindly provided an account of his exciting research work on magnetism of nanostructures in this newsletter. I cordially invite you to send me a summary of your research work or ideas so that our gang can share the excitement.
Leo Lau